“Programmable Controller Application Technology” is a core professional course of electrical specialty in Vocational colleges. It is very important to study a set of teaching and training methods which can be in line with the actual situation of enterprises.On the basis of introductory training, the study tries its best to create a learning situation of professional skills in schools and open up teaching ideas of enterprises in line with the requirements, so as to make the professional knowledge and skills trained by students in schools close to or even in line with the skill platforms used by enterprises, so as to improve the effectiveness of professional teaching and enable students to catch up with the rapid development of professional technology after graduation. The trend of rapid development.The application technology of programmable logic controller (hereinafter referred to as PLC) is still a frontier technology in the field of automation control around the 1990s. With the rapid development of manufacturing technology and electronic technology, the application technology of PLC is also developing rapidly. After a short period of 10 years or so, the application technology of PLC has become one of the main pillars of industrial automation technology in the 21st century.The application technology of PLC is widely used in processing equipment and manufacturing system with high automation. It is the core technology of maintenance and design for maintenance personnel of electrical and electrical technology. It has also become the core professional course of electrical related specialties in Vocational colleges.Although the application technology of PLC has rapidly changed from frontier technology to core technology, in the PLC teaching of electrical specialty in secondary vocational schools, it has not been able to change its status from “elective” to “compulsory” in concept and lead the leading development of mechanical and electrical specialty. The teaching method is still subject-oriented system and the training method is mainly experimental demonstration, which makes it difficult for students to quickly develop in enterprises. Adapt to post work.The research group investigates 223 interns in the 2nd, 4th and 223 sessions of the school-enterprise cooperative Electromechanical Specialty in our university since 2011, and finds that the problems reflected by the students in the process of maintenance, maintenance and overhaul of PLC-related equipment are concentrated, as shown in Table 1.The problem that students are slow to get started in post practice is mostly due to the failure to construct the most universal quasi-professional situation in the main learning venues as far as possible, which results in the learning situation and learning content being far away from the enterprise’s professional situation. Enterprises’needs and school’s learning fail to meet the best requirements. From the overall situation of professional teaching, “causes” can be summarized as follows: Table 2 It is shown.According to the above situation, secondary vocational school students can not effectively grasp the ability of using PLC to control typical industrial control objects and maintain typical systems, and may even be learning process has been hovering in the “entry” or “understanding” level.The purpose of this subject is to fully consider the students’cognitive law and the prominent characteristics of vocational education teaching professionalism. Starting from the teaching concept and operation method, this paper makes articles on the teaching content and training platform, practices and summarizes an effective way, that is, on the basis of following the introduction training, to create the learning situation of professional skills as far as possible in the school, to develop the teaching ideas of enterprises in line with the requirements, so as to make learning possible. Students’professional knowledge and skills learned in the school can be in line with the skills platform used by enterprises, improve the effectiveness of professional teaching, so that students can quickly catch up with the trend of rapid development of professional technology after graduation.According to the teaching theory of action system in Vocational colleges, the construction of “situation-centered” teaching is mainly based on the philosophy of education of “construction priority”. Under the current vocational education background, most vocational schools are influenced by the teaching of general subject system, and the situation simulation is less or weaker.
The practical training links are constructed on the level of “experimental” and “demonstration”, and the learning situation and reality are based on the level of “experimental” and “demonstration”. There is a big gap between the international professional situation. For a specific professional skill course, thermostatic element there is a lack of project-based training programs that are in line with the actual professional situation of the enterprise and a training platform that can simulate the project.Vocational schools are the main places for enterprises to train quasi-technicians, but schools can not equip “factories” or laboratories with the same number of enterprises and the same professional environment one by one. However, different majors try their best to simulate the training environment with less investment according to the different job needs of enterprises, or develop vocational skills training platforms for corresponding positions through School-enterprise cooperation. It is still an effective way to break through the bottleneck of traditional teaching.In order to solve the problem of over-theoretical, traditional and experimental professional teaching, effectively integrate enterprises with professional teaching classes, combine the existing teaching conditions and fully consider the current specific learning situation, this topic is carried out from a wide range of research, find out the reasons, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, experimental feedback and other ways, in order to break the traditional professional teaching pattern and solve the puzzle of professional teaching in Vocational schools. The specific operation contents and methods are shown in Figure 1.
According to the problems found by the research group (as shown in Table 1), we concentrated on the investigation and understanding of the students. We found that within 3 to 6 months from the beginning of the actual job placement process, the industrial control system with programmable controller as the core in the enterprise was unfamiliar. Through visits by several teachers, the students concentrated on the following puzzles: the whole control system was unfamiliar; the working process of PLC was unfamiliar; and the control system was unfamiliar. The controlled device in the cabinet is strange; the maintenance idea is strange.Since the 1990s, domestic manufacturing enterprises have begun to adopt the application technology of PLC for single equipment control, multi-machine group control and automation pipeline. In industrial control, a variety of technical systems and branches with PLC as the core have been formed. Enterprises require workers to install, repair, maintain and maintain these large types of control systems.Since the end of 1990s, many control fields have been using programmable technology to transform the traditional control system.All kinds of specific requirements encountered by enterprises in the application of industrial control technology can not be applied to our students and teaching sites in all respects. The control terminals of enterprises can not be transferred to schools. They can only select small projects of enterprises appropriately, such as transforming ordinary machine tools with PLC technology, or improving the functions of a typical control unit in a large-scale control system as seen in the survey. As examples of programmable technology teaching, such as transformation and touch screen technology application, these projects are typical applications with programmable controller application technology as the core.Some technical projects can not completely construct learning and training models under the existing conditions, such as process control and data processing and analog control, involving more complex and large-scale systems, and the contents of data processing and process control are not suitable for secondary vocational school students to learn and practice.The fields of logic control, analog control, motion control, part of communication and networking of switching quantity are all the most basic and extensive fields of PLC application. After thorough understanding, screening and classification by schools and teachers, it can be determined that the direction and content of enterprises can be in line with students and school conditions, teaching depth and breadth, thus forming the course technology of “PLC application technology”. The main content of teaching is to integrate the necessary skills of enterprise application and effectively achieve the goal of professional teaching.Equipped with typical peripheral devices, refers to the control object of programmable controller, with actuators, such as cylinders driven by solenoid valves, and other control objects. Most of the existing school training projects consist of experimental models of light-emitting diodes, which are limited to the demonstration of the logic correctness of the PLC program, and even the connecting contactors rarely become the control object.There are the following drawbacks in the simplification of the control object of the traditional programmable controller training platform, as shown in Table 3.In the typical industrial control of programmable controller, the control like light emitting diode is seldom used, while contactors, relays, drivers and so on have been widely used, and have become the typical peripheral devices in the control system.The price of these devices is not high, which is only equivalent to the price of time relays and contactors involved in the relay contact course. Compared with expensive teaching instruments, schools are fully capable of equipping them, and it is necessary to equip them.In this way, by classifying and establishing the industrial control model required for the course teaching, the students have completed the mastery and application of applied technology, and made the skill teaching more pertinent and contemporary.In the projects used by enterprises, the school can selectively learn some small-scale projects by investigation and analysis. On the one hand, it can let students master some operation procedures and technical specifications in industrial control technology reform, and at the same time, it can also experience the practicality and applicability of PLC application technology in the study of simple projects, so as to enhance learning interest and motivation; on the other hand, it can select the classics of PLC application technology in industrial control. Type model, fully relying on its control system model to establish conditional modeling and training, forms the typical training project sequence of this course, which enables students to learn control ideas in typical projects, understand the control process and the operation of control objects, so as to grasp key technologies, highlight the universality, effectiveness and timeliness of the technology students have learned, and enable students to better serve the needs of enterprises.Generally speaking, most schools adopt the experimental equipment of teaching instrument factory, so does the practical training equipment of Vocational school. Many vocational colleges and universities have found that the ideal experimental and training platform of teaching instrument pays attention to the development of demonstration and verification experiments, especially the experimental platform of PLC technology, which focuses on the demonstration of program function interruption, and ignores the realization process of PLC to control peripheral devices-enterprises. Industry application, and this process can reflect students’overall grasp of the PLC control system.Demonstrative and verifiable experiments focus on the understanding and verification of “points”, but lack of independent training of the ability to use and maintain the whole system, highlighting the gap between teaching and enterprise reality.If the school can develop and construct a certain number of PLC training platforms independently according to the technical direction and project of “enterprise application” according to the teaching practice, and let the students carry out a series of “enterprise project” simulation training operations, it can not only expand the students’understanding of devices and control models in the field of industrial control, but also compensate for the technological gap between “experimental” teaching and enterprises, and further more. In a real sense, we should promote the improvement of students’practical skills.This measure is the last one. It is the last training topic for students before they go to work.
It is also the last substantive measure of the subject research.The new generation of students can be trained on the training platform of “connection type”, with the enterprise control model of connection type and implementation, and on the corresponding and equivalent simulation platform, with “quasi-actual combat” training. The training focuses on the application of enterprise technical indicators for assessment. According to the requirement of enterprise equipment maintenance, fault is set in the analog control system, and a programmable controller industrial control system is set up. The training of repair, troubleshooting and safety skills is carried out.The main types of assessment requirements in training are shown in Table 4.After one semester of training, the students immediately go to the various branches of school-enterprise cooperation to conduct one-year post training, and the technology of alignment learning in school has been applied in practice.In the practical application of the enterprise, besides the control cabinet, control method and maintenance skills of the control system that the school has seen, the control terminal is added to become a complete first-line practical model.Through the further practice of enterprises, the school’s integration training has undergone many substantive emotional experience and sublimation.Three months after the students took up their posts, the members of the research group conducted a new round of questionnaires to the students in various positions (central control group, instrument group, electrical technology restructuring, etc.). It can be seen that the students in the new training mode have greatly improved their ability to adapt to the posts and their ability to use technology compared with the students in the traditional training mode.Starting from the research and analysis of the problems, starting from the point of view of the needs of the enterprises in line with the requirements, the effective teaching approaches of the skills courses with prominent professionalism are experimented in practice by determining the main technical direction, updating the typical control objects, establishing the training projects of “conformity type”, developing the training platform of “conformity type”, and promoting the appraisal system of “conformity type”, and solving the problem of transmission. There is a lack of actual professional situation in the teaching method of integrated professional courses, and the learning situation lags behind the professional situation.The achievements of students in post competence, ordinary skill competition and skill test in enterprises reflect the five paths implemented in the project, which is suitable for the skill teaching of professional courses with outstanding application, such as programmable control application technology.In recent years, through the gradual adjustment of the teaching content of the core professional course – “Programmable Controller Applied Technology”, the professional skill course has been diversified and positively adjusted to meet the needs of the front line. The technical requirements and norms of enterprises have been gradually introduced into the classroom, so that students can participate in practical projects, making the students’grasp of core professional skills more and more in-depth, as well as the mastery and application of professional skills. Closer to the actual combat and high simulation, many students majoring in mechanical and electrical engineering in our school won awards in the Jiaxing Skills Festival and the Small Inventions and Creations Competition.After adopting the new training scheme, three months after the students’internship in 2012, 87 students majoring in electrical engineering were interviewed. Questionnaires were conducted among the interns (central control group, instrumentation group, electrical technology restructuring group, and maintenance group). Questionnaires were made on several kinds of problems that existed before. The results are shown in Table 5.The survey found that the existence rate of the problem was significantly lower than that in 2010 and 2011. During the internship period, several interns in 2011 signed a technology development agreement with the enterprise under the guidance of the school.
The control equipment developed, the multi-channel independent drilling machine system realized by the programmable controller, was patented by the state for utility models, and the enterprise gave back 120,000 yuan to the school.Through the practice of two sessions of students cooperating with enterprises in running a school, a large-scale enterprise cooperating with our university in running a mechanical and electrical specialty has gradually increased its evaluation of our university’s mechanical and electrical specialty. Especially in the latest one (after the implementation of the new scheme), the evaluation has risen sharply, and the students’skill level has been obviously enhanced. In the year of internship in enterprises, the ability to perform the post has been improved and the time to adapt to the post has been significantly shortened. The company has signed an agreement with our university to co-operate with the major of electromechanics, and provides a bonus of 20,000 yuan per year to reward students with outstanding skills in electromechanics, and to train and recruit graduates of electromechanics.The teaching reform of electromechanical core specialty curriculum has changed the traditional teaching methods and improved the effectiveness of skill teaching. From classroom to enterprise, the concept of “introducing actual occupational situation” has been established, and the actual occupational situation has been dealt with. A more general learning situation based on occupational situation has been established in Vocational schools, which is the main learning site of Vocational skills. The specific manifestation is that the learning content conforms to the front line. Needs and students need to effectively deal with the actual vocational situation that can be transplanted, so that students can learn vocational skills in this learning situation, after first-line internship, can be recognized by enterprises and society, so that vocational schools become a real place for vocational skills learning.The innovation of teaching mode often leads to a series of teaching reforms, and teaching or training equipment is no exception.According to the needs of enterprises and skills training, our school constantly updates and reforms teaching equipment, focusing on the improvement of integrated experimental and training equipment, such as task development and project implementation, so as to improve the performance-price ratio of equipment, greatly reduce the investment of teaching hardware, improve and purchase teaching equipment in accordance with the actual needs of use, and to a certain extent, promote teaching reform and teaching. With the effective improvement of quality, students’vocational skill level has also risen to a new level.The communication between teachers and enterprises has been strengthened, the application of professional technology has been grasped more accurately, the teaching process has been grasped more in place, the level of professional knowledge and skills has been broadened, the knowledge of professional technology has been deepened, and the teaching ability and professional ability have been improved.In the professional teaching of Vocational schools, the characteristics of strong applicability and rapid development of core professional technology teaching are prevalent. It is very important to establish a suitable bridge training program between school teaching and enterprise application.Through investigating the internship situation of newly graduated students in enterprises, this paper finds out what they lack of PLC application technology in the internship process, and where the gap between them and the school practice teaching is. Then it understands the basic professional knowledge requirements and technical requirements of enterprises for the graduates of this major.
On this basis, it is set up by the school itself (or several schools) across the settings of traditional experimental devices. A set of practical training equipment is designed, and a certain number of practical training project schemes which are operable and can be applied in enterprises are selected. With the development of technology, students can carry out targeted training in order to better adapt to the post work.The reference significance of this subject lies in that the development of applied technology is different from that of basic disciplines, with different span and speed of development.As a vocational school, the development of professional technology is characterized by strong applicability, with enterprise application technology as the tracking direction.The topic not only has great reference value in the teaching mode, but also the strategy of updating the experimental platform proposed by the topic is very important.The design and proposal of the experimental platform show that the application direction, the implementation platform and the components used are all pertinent under the background of application. Therefore, it is necessary to update the platform and devices appropriately so that students can keep up with the development of enterprises and the trend of technology. On the platform of “enterprise application”, students can train and improve the control system according to the control requirements of enterprises, and then train and improve the system. The superiority of school-enterprise cooperation is embodied in school-enterprise testing and enterprise practice.For this reason, this idea can also be imitated by related disciplines to a certain extent, especially for those disciplines with fast technological development, such as embedded technology, numerical control technology and other professional skills.