In order to meet the power demand of electrical appliances, improve the level of electrical insulation and ensure the reliability of the circuit, families often purchase high-quality multi-core soft copper wires with large cross-section for wiring, which not only improves the reliability of electrical insulation and lines, but also costs a lot of decoration costs. Due to the increase of household appliances and the complexity of wiring, if the professional level of wiring personnel is not enough, it is difficult to ensure the reliability of electrical wiring, so that high investment can not achieve the desired results. In view of the above situation, this paper improves the home routing, and designs and improves the grouper which is used more now and the grouper which has special use. With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, with the increase of household appliances, the wiring density in household decoration is increasing. Because of the uneven level of the decoration electrical team in society, the wiring process not only brings hidden dangers to the safe use of electricity in the family, but also causes the waste of electric energy.
The basic idea of this paper is to use the main power supply circuit and load circuit to purchase high-quality multi-core and large cross-section copper cores for laying in the process of laying home decoration lines. The control circuit is controlled by groupers or relays using the method of power load control for reference. Because the current flowing through the control circuit is very small, only the common copper cores with small cross-section can be used in the wiring, and this method is effective. The circuit length of the working circuit is shortened and the loss of electric energy is reduced. This wiring method can also simplify the wiring form, effectively reduce the investment of wire rod, and reduce the short-circuit accident caused by the density of control circuit. It is an improvement of environmental protection economy. Today, the country vigorously advocates the construction of a conservation-oriented society, it has a practical value of vigorous promotion. Because the control switch and controlled electrical apparatus are connected in series in the circuit by conventional wiring, the circuit current of the control circuit and the main circuit is equal, the working circuit and the control circuit can not be separated, the current flowing through the control circuit and the main circuit is the same, the current flowing through the wire is longer, and the line loss is higher. Routine wiring has to achieve one-to-one corresponding control relationship between switches and controlled appliances. Wiring is more complex, more wires are used and wiring density is high. Nowadays, the control mode of decoration is more complex because of the increase of electrical equipment and the requirement. Although the traditional wiring mode is simple in principle and easy to realize, it is complicated in wiring. There are many wiring materials and control elements used. Its typical control wiring is shown in Figure 1.
In Fig. 1, three switches are used to control three light bulbs. It can be seen that more wires and switches are used in this way, and the section of the control part of the wire is generally the same as that of the main circuit. In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to control the main load through the corresponding control elements. There are many ways to control the main load. This paper mainly discusses the use of relays to control and expand the current of the electric load.
This control method has many advantages, for example, it can be used to control high-power electrical appliances with small current. In Figure 2, when the switch K1 is disconnected, the relay coil KM1 does not flow through. The relay contacts KM1-1 are usually disconnected. The light bulbs L1 and L2 are not bright. When the switch K1 is closed, the relay coil KM1 is charged, and the light bulb is electrically illuminated. This control method not only effectively realizes the control of the electrical appliances, but also conveniently realizes the remote control of the electrical appliances. In the actual wiring, the main current circuit of the bulb is laid with larger wires, and the control circuit can be laid with smaller wires, which effectively reduces the loss of the circuit and the investment of wires. The use of relay current expansion and remote control has strong practicability, but when it is necessary to control multiple sets of power loads, its limitations are obvious. For each additional set of power loads, a set of control relays and switches must be added. Corresponding lines also increase proportionally, which can not achieve the purpose of simplifying lines. Industrial relays are generally expensive, and their reliability for civil use is low. Packet controllers to meet the requirements of this kind of use have stepped onto the stage of history. Nowadays, family decoration is not only to meet the practical requirements, but also to put forward personalized proposals for color matching and lighting effect in order to meet the visual impact and sensory comfort, which increases the number of family lamps and other audio-visual equipment, and also makes the control mode of electrical appliances more complex and diverse.
It is obvious that it is difficult to meet the current control requirements through conventional wiring. Therefore, the control elements which can control multi-component groups emerge as the times require. The principle of household grouper is generally controlled by the output signal of shift register.
The input of switch is the working clock of register. Each time the control switch is pressed, a trigger pulse is sent to the input end of clock of register, so that the output end of register can be shifted once to achieve the purpose of controlling different appliances. Among many integrated circuits, after referring to a large number of technical data of control chips, I found that the grouper designed with CD4017 decimal counting/timing decoder is very suitable for self-made, and can achieve 10 groups of bit-by-bit independent output control. CD4017 integrated circuit, also known as decimal counting/pulse divider, is one of the most widely used circuits in 4000 series CMOS digital integrated circuits. It has simple structure, low cost, stable and reliable performance, mature technology and convenient use. Like time-based integrated circuit 555, it is deeply loved by the vast number of electronic scientists and enthusiasts. At present, the world’s major manufacturers of general digital integrated circuits are producing 4017IC. The typical model of products abroad is CD4017, and the model of early products in China is C217, C187, CC4017, etc. CMOS CD4O17IC adopts standard double-row in-line pin plastic seal (pin arrangement refers to Fig. 2). CC4017 is the standard model. It is identical with foreign similar product CD4017 in logic function, lead-in and electrical parameters, and can be directly interchanged. The circuit has the characteristics of wide voltage range, low power consumption and strong anti-interference performance.
The internal part of CD4017IC is composed of decimal counter circuit and sequential decoding circuit. The decimal counter adopts Johnson counter. The serial shift register composed of Johnson counter has the characteristics of reliable encoding, fast operation, simple decoding and no transition pulse interference in decoding output. The basic function of CD4017IC is to count the number of input pulses in decimal system at the “CP” end, and distribute the pulses to the ten output terminals of Y0-Y9 in the order of the number of input pulses. After counting ten, the counter will return to zero and output one carry pulse at the same time. Using the above principle of CD4017 and fully utilizing the function of IC, a simple and practical grouping controller is designed. The circuit is not only simple and reliable, but also easy to expand the number of control arrays and has high practicability. The V power supply provides about 12V DC power supply for the controller through R1, C1, VDW1, D1 and C2. The control pulse is connected with the control switch after R2 current limiting. When the switch is switched on and off, an input pulse is provided to the 14-foot CP pulse input terminal of CD4017. The decimal Johnson counter in CD4017 counts once. After decoding the timing decoding circuit, the Y0 of the output port of CD4017 is set at a high level, and the corresponding thyristor JR1 contacts. The originator triggers the conduction because of the high level, and sends the electric energy to the controlled load through L1. The load gets electricity to work. When the switch is split and closed again, the second input pulse is obtained by CP, the counter shifts and counts and Y1 port gets high level. After five pulse inputs, Y4 port is high level.
After the next pulse arrives, because Y5 port is connected to the reset input of IC. When reset input R terminal is high level, the circuit resets the decimal Johnson counter. After decoding, except Y0 is high level, Y1-Y4 is low. Level, the corresponding bi-directional thyristor trigger terminal is cut off without trigger voltage, and the controlled electrical device stops working due to power failure. In actual use, because the L1 controlled circuit controlled by Y0 has power output after the controller is electrified or reset, except for the load of special control such as preheating or pre-electrification preparation, the L1 can be connected to a small power bulb for household use as a power supply indication or night lighting. If the mode of use is not considered, the output should be suspended and the controlled lamps should be connected from L2, such as control. A large number of arrays can move back the jumper that is connected to the R terminal until it meets the demand. Although the conventional wiring mode is simple in principle, thermostatic element it will become very complicated when controlling more loads, with great potential safety hazards and increased line losses. Although the relay current expansion control wiring can separate the control loop from the load loop and effectively save the power loss of the line, more control lines are needed to control multiple control devices, which can not achieve the goal of saving wiring costs. The circuit controlled by the controller can solve the contradiction between the conventional wiring and the relay expansion control wiring at the same time. It is an optimum design scheme in the home wiring design.