The overall development status of construction machinery is studied, and the development trend and practical characteristics of construction machinery control technology are deeply studied from the aspects of electronic technology, robotics technology, computer network and information communication technology, so as to better promote the long-term development of construction machinery industry. With the rapid development of science and technology, the fusion technology of electronic technology, computer network, communication technology, intelligent technology, hydraulic pressure and other sensors, the development of robots and multimedia technology, construction machinery has also begun to develop in a new direction, in which working performance, fuel economy, actual operability, environmental protection performance, mechanical cooperation. Operating ability and other aspects will be qualitative leaps. In view of computer failure and supervision, location determination and work, engine fuel control and ergonomics, internal and external equipment control systems have been established, which are consistent with a variety of construction machinery, so as to make construction machinery products develop towards intellectualization and industrialization, and improve the high quality and high level of construction machinery. To strengthen the technical content and promote the steady development of construction machinery industry. Systematization is the main direction of the development of construction machinery.
Many well-known large enterprises abroad are developing towards product systematization, and gradually establish a series of products of different modes from micro to super large.
In addition, construction machinery has also begun to develop towards super-large direction, in which the rated power of the engine exceeds 1000HP, which is widely used in some large-scale leaky filling mines or large-scale hydroelectric projects. The main characteristics of this product are high technology content, long time of R&D and production, limited market acceptance, and only a few competitive enterprises in the market.
Mainly based on loading, only Marathon Le Tourler, Caterpillar and Komatsu-Dreiser can produce super-large loaders. In order to meet the different needs of different customers, multi-utility and miniaturization are the main ways for the development of construction machinery. First of all, working machinery can play a variety of roles, so that users can effectively play the actual utility of equipment without increasing capital input, thereby improving work efficiency. Secondly, in order to reduce manpower operation, use more mechanical operation, improve work efficiency, and better adapt to the actual environmental needs of small-scale construction sites and warehouses, warehouses, wharfs, farmhouses, cabins, buildings and underground engineering operations in cities, small and micro engineering instruments can play a role in them, and greatly improve work efficiency. Such as Caterpillar’s IT Series Multipurpose Machine, Clark’s “Bobcat” and so on, all belong to micro-engineering machinery.
At present, the micro-engineering Machinery Companies in the international market mainly include Caterpillar, Komastu, Case, Tex Tron and so on. The products mainly include: aerial working vehicle, impact hammer, vibratory roller, excavator and excavator loader, and the minimum excavator bucket length is 200 mm, the width of the vehicle is less than 1 m. Intelligent system which integrates hydraulic, microelectronics and communication technology will gradually develop into its dominant direction and be widely used in product design of construction machinery. For example, computer-aided driving system, resource information management system and problem judgment system also tend to be improved with the continuous development of electronic technology and communication technology; electronic control and automatic alarm system, automatic transmission equipment are widely used by people, using materials for accurate excavation, loading and loading, and equipped with corresponding GPS positioning system in some engineering equipment. And load automatic weighing equipment. The cab of construction machinery is usually in fully enclosed mode, with noise reduction devices and equipped with cold, heating and air conditioning equipment. The cab is designed on the basis of ergonomics, focusing on the integration of the driver and the outside world, using touch screen, text image display, wireless remote control and multi-purpose operation handle. Moreover, the automatic gear shifting equipment and electronic supervision, as well as the installation of problem judgment system, transcript monitoring system and ultrasonic barrier survey system, have effectively improved the working environment of staff, enabling staff to better use their working environment, to carry out simple maintenance, and to improve the accuracy and efficiency of mechanical operation. For example, Caterpillar’s F-series loader usually consumes only 3.45 minutes of maintenance practice, and the service time of large construction machinery can reach 25,000 hours.
GPS positioning technology and digital map technology are used to determine the orientation of construction machinery.
Touchable computers can also be installed in the cab, which can timely and accurately report the actual scope and location of mechanical work. It can also evaluate the gap between the actual value and the expected value of work, and provide relevant information.
Because the display system which can be seen in the cab can guide the driver to work accurately, and even some drivers who have no driving experience can finish the relevant work and wipe accurately, the accuracy of which is up to centimeter. Using computer to judge the problem of equipment, according to the problem information sent by various sensors, the expert’s professional judgment can be fused, the operation status of the equipment can be evaluated as a whole, the possible problems can be predicted, and the information warning report can be issued in time when problems occur, or the driver can be guided to search and repair, so as to better solve the obstacle problem.
A new diesel engine in construction machinery has a single chip computer fuel injection control device in its internal structure, which integrates with the performance control system, effectively improves the efficiency of fuel use, so that the exhaust gas emitted by the engine can better meet the requirements of the relevant environment. This system can also use CAN bus and other devices to exchange information, so that the whole machine can form a unified management system. Moreover, the shift control system automatically changes gears according to the running speed and load of the machine, and the engine rotation speed and motion condition are balanced, so as to save energy better. The use of electronic hydraulic can bus monitoring system can effectively improve the operation efficiency of the control system and reduce the cost of using and maintaining the system, and the control technology has gradually developed into the mainstream technology in the construction machinery industry. Ultro NICs in the United Kingdom has introduced a control system, which uses Canbus technology, thermostatic element has many advanced functions, and the capital content is just a conventional system. As early as the 1990s, construction machinery has entered a new development mode, and gradually towards the direction of intellectualization, standardization, nationalization, and based on energy conservation, environmental protection, safety and reliability. At present, the control technology focuses on increasing the value of information technology of products. The related technologies are applied in integrated circuits, microcomputers, microprocessors and electronic monitoring technology. So in the future, with the continuous development of the global economy, the construction management and control system will gradually realize intelligent operation, and the construction level will be greatly improved, so as to better ensure the development of the construction machinery industry, and even make a qualitative leap in the national economic level.