This paper puts forward the design concept of low cost and mechanical Underground Multi-storey garage. The whole frame structure and control system of the underground multi-storey garage is based on the design concept of low cost and low energy consumption. The MCS-51 microcontroller is used as the processor of the automatic control system of the underground multi-storey garage, and the working principle of the control system is given. In recent years, the shortage of land resources in China has made parking difficult. The input of multi-storey garage alleviates the problem of parking difficulty at present, but the current three-storey garage mostly uses programmable PLC as its control core, which has the problems of high cost and low utilization rate, and it is difficult to reproduce the widespread promotion in real life. This paper uses MCS-51 series MCU instead of PLC as processor, which can be used in large, medium and small multi-storey three-dimensional garage. It has good portability and is suitable for popularization throughout the country. The basic framework of the multi-storey garage chooses a double-sided design structure sharing a storage lane. In this paper, the MCS-51 Series MCU is used to replace the PLC programmable control device. It can reduce the cost and realize the control function of PLC, and also has a perfect safety protection function and fault diagnosis system. It has the reliability and stability of PLC.
Figure 1 shows the overall design of the system. Three cars are used to indicate the working principle of the multi-storey garage. When Car1 enters the garage, first the owner turns on the switch and starts the power supply. The system will automatically select the corresponding parking space. After receiving the parking signal, the MCU will detect the car2 on the upper base point.
If car2 is not there, then it is necessary to run to that point first. After completing the action, it is necessary to detect the parking space of car3 to check whether it reaches the right limit. If it is not, it is necessary to first run the parking space of car3 to the right limit. Then the parking space of Car1 can be lowered. When the signal of the base point of Car1 is detected, the parking space can automatically move to the place where the person’s car is exchanged.
The driver of the car will drive in and park it safely. After the location, the cross-border signal lights of the car body will be extinguished, so that the driver can get out of the garage, thus completing the operation of car storage, the process of taking out the car is similar to that of car storage. The system will strictly follow this series of processes to complete the operation of accessing and accessing the car, such as dangerous operation such as body crossing the boundary, the system will automatically alarm, garage will immediately stop a series of actions until the release of the alarm signal. There are SB1 and SB2 switches in the system. The functions of these two switches are to prevent the misoperation of irrelevant personnel, so as to prevent accidents. When an accident occurs, pressing SB2 urgently will turn off the power of the system immediately, which can greatly ensure the safety of personnel and equipment on the vehicle. S2-S9 is used to operate keys manually and only when the equipment is being maintained.
MOTOR 1-MOTOR 3 motor is a special motor in parking equipment. It is equipped with disc electric and manual brake devices and reducer, which can greatly ensure the safety of system operation. Due to the frequent use of parking system, the multi-layer parking control system designed in this paper also uses air switch and thermal relay to prevent overload of the system, which burns down the electrical equipment of the system. SB1, thermostatic element SB2 and on-site SBN detection device ensure the triple protection function of the system. When the air switch is closed, the SB2 is rotated and the SB3 is pressed, then the KA1 coil can be energized and the KM1 contactor starts to work. The system provides 24V, 12V and 5V DC power supply for the on-site switching detection equipment, and all the switching signals are photoelectric isolated to prevent interference with the MCU. The software design of the control system is mainly to control the automobile’s automatic access and emergency treatment of faults. The system software is divided into main control program, manual control program and automatic control subroutine. Manual control program is mainly used in system overhaul and emergency fault handling. By choosing the right and left buttons, the parking space can be controlled and moved.
The software of the control system is compiled in the simplified 8051 assembly language, which is mainly divided into display module, keyboard operation module, timer interrupt service program, stepping motor control module, access vehicle module and so on. When parking garage accepts the request of customer access vehicle service, the real time of arrival and the type of service required are random, so the queuing phenomenon can not be eliminated in practice. The number of customers and the type of service required are discrete random variables in a certain period of time. Through the verification of the system design, the number of accesses and the waiting order of customers in different periods of time are simulated with MATLAB software, and the experimental data of the parking system designed in this paper are obtained. The underground multi-storey parking system designed in this paper takes less time for customers to access cars, which can greatly reduce the waiting time of customers. Moreover, because of the use of single-chip design, it is suitable for large, medium and small parking garages, and has a good versatility. Parking problem, as an important issue in urbanization, is becoming increasingly prominent. The supply of traditional parking spaces has been unable to meet the daily travel needs of ordinary people. The establishment of a three-dimensional multi storey parking garage, making full use of the parking space, is bound to become the trend of future development. The multi-layer garage parking system based on single-chip computer not only can improve the space utilization of parking space, but also has good versatility, which is suitable for wide application.