Nowadays, with the increasing shortage of energy, energy conservation has become a consensus. Air-conditioning is widely used in the real world. Single-chip computer is used to control the controller of electric air-conditioning compressor in order to control power consumption and achieve the purpose of energy saving. In this paper, starting from the background of using MCU electric air conditioning compressor controller, based on the working principle and process of electric air conditioning compressor, the design approach of low power consumption and energy saving of the controller is discussed in detail. Starting from the rational selection of MCU, the overall planning of circuit and the programming of control software, this paper mainly discusses the means of low power consumption and energy saving of controller. Energy consumption of air conditioning system is a problem that can not be ignored in real life. Therefore, the research and design of low energy consumption air conditioning system is very important for energy saving. The air conditioning compressor controller is an important part of the air conditioning system. The compressor controller of electric air conditioner based on single chip computer is an effective means of low power consumption and energy saving. Electric air conditioning compressor is composed of motor, electronic control unit and compressor. Compressor is driven by motor, and electronic control unit controls the operation of motor. Permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) has attracted much attention in many industries because of its excellent performance, especially in energy saving. Brushless DC motor uses frequency conversion technology in air-conditioning compressor, which reduces noise and loss to a great extent, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving. The controller based on MCU has obvious energy-saving effect and broad development prospects. Compressor is a very important part of electric air conditioning system, which provides guarantee for the normal work of air conditioning system. Air conditioning compressor is mainly used to compress and drive refrigerant in air conditioning system. The working process of air conditioning compressor includes evaporation and condensation. The compressor compresses the refrigerant and cools it.
At the same time, it radiates heat to the air through the radiator. The refrigerant also changes in form and the pressure rises at the same time. The refrigerant is then sent to the evaporator and the pressure drops. At this time, the radiator absorbs a lot of heat in the air. After such a cycle process, air conditioning compressors continue to work, and constantly send heat to the air, so as to adjust the temperature of the work. Electric air-conditioning compressor is generally driven by motor, and now the motor of air-conditioning compressor is mostly driven by brushless DC motor. Brushless DC motor is a kind of low power DC motor with electronic commutation. This kind of motor is characterized by simple structure, reliable operation and high efficiency. In brushless DC motor, an automatic inverter is used. Its output frequency is not regulated independently, but controlled by a rotor position detector installed on the axis of synchronous motor. This is also the specific working mode of electric air conditioning compressor. Electric air-conditioning compressor is mainly controlled and adjusted by MCU controller to control some set parameters of air-conditioning system, and further control the low power consumption and energy-saving effect of electric air-conditioning. Controller is the main component of controlling electric air conditioning. In order to reduce the power consumption of air conditioning and achieve the goal of energy saving, it is necessary to design the controller in an all-round way, including hardware design and software design. The dual design and combination of hardware and software make low power consumption become normal, and provide a guarantee for energy saving. MCU is widely used in electronic products in modern life and industry.
MCU is essentially a kind of microcontroller. Its main function is to integrate a variety of processors and interfaces through the corresponding chips. Compared with other ordinary microprocessors, the biggest advantage of MCU is that it does not need to add other hardware, thus saving manufacturing costs. MCU has many remarkable characteristics, such as its simple structure, convenient for users, and can be programmed through modularization. MCU has strong reliability and can work continuously for a long time. In addition, the MCU itself needs a lower voltage, so the energy consumption is also relatively low. MCU itself can be made into small-scale products, easy to carry by users.
It can be said that the function of single-chip computer is very powerful and can meet many practical needs in reality. The application of MCU in the compressor control of electric air conditioning needs corresponding matching and reasonable selection. Only in this way can we give full play to the advantages of single-chip computer, and then achieve the purpose of energy saving. The controller of the whole air conditioning compressor system should adopt suitable single-chip computer in order to meet the relevant requirements such as the required supply voltage. MCU can control the standby air conditioner without normal operation, reduce the energy consumption of air conditioner, and consequently save electricity. Under other working conditions of air-conditioning, the single-chip computer carries out corresponding control. As a core component, the performance of MCU is directly related to the efficiency of air conditioning, the realization of low power consumption and even the reduction of energy consumption, so the selection of MCU should be reasonable, standardized and effective. Air conditioning system as a whole, the lack of circuit design. The circuit design of air conditioning compressor control system is also very complex.
The circuit design includes the main control power supply circuit design, low power supply circuit design and mode switching circuit design and other related designs. It is necessary to design reasonably and effectively in an all-round way. In the design of the main control power supply circuit, the two-way power supply mode is mostly adopted, and the electronic switch mode is adopted to realize the switch of the corresponding working mode. In order to improve the efficiency of power conversion, the main control power supply supplies the corresponding voltage according to the needs of motor working mode. In the design of low-power supply circuit, low-power DC-DC power supply can be used to meet the corresponding voltage and current requirements. Both power supply can generate corresponding voltage to supply power to SCM. When SCM changes its working mode, the electronic switch can switch to the power supply to be used. In the design of electronic switch, according to the input current and voltage of the controller, and considering the heat dissipation volume, heat dissipation effect and cost, the suitable transistor is selected as the material of electronic switch. In fact, the working modes of air conditioning system can be divided into two categories: low power mode and other power mode. According to the actual needs, MCU needs to switch between these two modes, so it is necessary to design the corresponding mode switching circuit. Wake-up circuit is an effective way of mode switching circuit. The user can control the corresponding program in the controller by adjusting the external signal. The controller adjusts the speed of the motor through the external speed signal and different duty cycle, and adjusts the corresponding voltage and current in a certain range. In a word, circuit design is a very important design link in air conditioning system. It is necessary to design all circuits and coordinate them in an all-round way according to the actual situation and design objectives, so as to improve work efficiency and achieve the effect of low power consumption and energy saving. Successful operation of any electronic product, in addition to the corresponding hardware assurance and upgrade, software design and programming is also very important. In order to make the hardware work normally or even efficiently, the corresponding software control must be carried out on the hardware.
When programming, the control software can adopt modular programming mode to control the standby, start, stop, low power consumption and other working modes of the motor. The control software not only makes the air conditioner work in the corresponding mode, but also makes the air conditioner work safely and normally. Therefore, in the programming of control software, it is also necessary to program reasonably and effectively for common security problems in real life. For example, it is necessary to avoid overvoltage, overload, overcurrent and overtemperature when the air conditioner is just on power, so as to ensure the normal start of the air conditioning system. Therefore, various protection mechanisms should be taken into account in software programming to prevent failures from affecting security when the system works. The programming of control software can also reduce the power consumption of air conditioning system. In order to reduce power consumption, current limitation and speed reduction are adopted in programming. That is to say, according to the specific needs of users, the control software can limit the working current of the compressor and adjust the corresponding current limit value. If the compressor’s current exceeds the limit, the controller will reduce the motor speed and energy consumption according to the program set before, so as to achieve energy saving. Through software programming, according to the actual situation, the controller can execute the corresponding program, so as to control the operation of the motor, so that the air conditioning system can achieve low power consumption in standby and other links, thermostatic element so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving. It is an effective way of low power consumption and energy saving to control the compressor of electric air conditioning by single chip computer. Under the background of the necessity of energy-saving in air-conditioning system and the working process of compressor, three low-power and energy-saving design measures of controllers are put forward in this paper. It is necessary to select the single chip computer reasonably and control and switch the corresponding working mode. In order to make overall planning of the circuit, we should design and coordinate the main control power supply circuit, low power supply circuit and mode switching circuit. The programming of software in control should consider the actual situation and ensure the safety of air conditioning system. The implementation of these measures provides effective ideas and reasonable suggestions for low power consumption and energy saving of air conditioning system.